It is a unitary state, currently divided into 21 counties and 290 municipalities. Sweden is a constitutional monarchy and a parliamentary democracy, with legislative power vested in the 349-member unicameral Riksdag. In 2022, Sweden confirmed its intention to apply for NATO membership. Sweden was formally neutral through both world wars and the Cold War, although Sweden has since 2009 openly moved towards cooperation with NATO. In 2014, Sweden celebrated 200 years of peace, breaking even Switzerland's record for peace. Since then, Sweden has been at peace, maintaining an official policy of neutrality in foreign affairs. The last war in which Sweden was directly involved was in 1814 when Norway was militarily forced into a personal union, which peacefully dissolved in 1905. Swedish territories outside the Scandinavian Peninsula were gradually lost during the 18th and 19th centuries, ending with the annexation of present-day Finland by Russia in 1809. This became one of the great powers of Europe until the early 18th century. When Sweden became involved in the Thirty Years' War on the Protestant side, an expansion of its territories began and eventually the Swedish Empire was formed. This led to the forming of the Scandinavian Kalmar Union in 1397, which Sweden left in 1523. After the Black Death in the middle of the 14th century killed about a third of the Scandinavian population, the dominance of the Hanseatic League in Northern Europe threatened Scandinavia economically and politically.
An independent Swedish state emerged during the early 12th century. Germanic peoples have inhabited Sweden since prehistoric times, emerging into history as the Geats (Swedish: Götar) and Swedes ( Svear) and constituting the sea peoples known as the Norsemen. Southern Sweden is predominantly agricultural, while the north is heavily forested and includes a portion of the Scandinavian Mountains. The general climate and environment vary significantly from the south and north due to the vast latitudinal difference, and much of Sweden has reliably cold and snowy winters. In spite of the high latitude, Sweden often has warm continental summers, being located in between the North Atlantic, the Baltic Sea, and vast Russia. The climate is in general mild for its northerly latitude due to significant maritime influence. Sweden is part of the geographical area of Fennoscandia. The highest concentration is in the central and southern half of the country. 87% of Swedes live in urban areas, which cover 1.5% of the entire land area. Sweden has a total population of 10.4 million, the largest of the Nordic countries and a low population density of 25.5 inhabitants per square kilometre (66/sq mi). The capital and largest city is Stockholm. At 450,295 square kilometres (173,860 sq mi), Sweden is the largest country in Northern Europe, the third-largest country in the European Union, and the fifth largest country in Europe. It borders Norway to the west and north, Finland to the east, and is connected to Denmark in the southwest by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.
Sweden ( Swedish: Sverige ( listen)), officially the Kingdom of Sweden (Swedish: Konungariket Sverige ( listen)), is a Nordic country in Northern Europe. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states. This is not, however, to be confused with migrants' national backgrounds, which are recorded. As the Swedish government does not base any statistics on ethnicity, there are no exact numbers on the ethnic background of migrants and their descendants in Sweden.
^ Persons who have foreign backgrounds are defined as persons who are foreign born, or born in Sweden with foreign born parents.The Swedish Sign Language also has a special status. Five other languages are officially recognised as minority languages: Finnish, Meänkieli, Romani, Sami, and Yiddish. ^ Du gamla, Du fria has never been officially adopted as national anthem, but is so by convention.^ " För Sverige – I tiden" has been adopted by Carl XVI Gustaf as his personal motto.
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